James is a published author with multiple pop-history and science books to his name. He specializes in history, space, strange science, and anything out of the ordinary.View full profile James is a ...

While researching digestion in dogs, Ivan Pavlov noticed that the dogs began to drool as soon as they saw the white coats of the people who fed them; before they could even see or smell their food. At ...

More than a century after Ivan Pavlov's dog was conditioned to salivate when it heard the sound of a tone prior to receiving food, scientists have found neurons that are critical to how people and ...

In Ivan Pavlov’s famous experiments conditioning dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, timing mattered. The quicker the food followed the bell, the stronger the dog’s response the next time it rang ...